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Export News Shrimp
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India’s Shrimp Industry Navigates Turbulent Waters Amidst Production Woes and Price Challenges

India’s shrimp industry, once a thriving sector contributing significantly to the country’s seafood exports, is currently grappling with a multitude of challenges that threaten its sustainability. The high costs of production, coupled with depressed shrimp prices, have left many shrimp farmers struggling to stay afloat. The escalating costs of feed, power, labor, probiotics, and chemicals have significantly impacted shrimp farming operations, squeezing profit margins and putting immense pressure on producers. These rising costs, coupled with the ongoing energy crisis, have forced many farmers to reduce or even cease their shrimp cultivation activities. Further exacerbating the situation is the prolonged slump in shrimp prices, which have been declining for the past 12 months. This price downturn, attributed to various factors such as increased supply, reduced demand, and economic uncertainties, has left farmers with meager returns, making it difficult to cover their production costs. In response to these challenges, many Indian shrimp producers are adopting alternative strategies to survive. Some are fallowing their farms temporarily, hoping for a rebound in prices and a more favorable cost structure. Others are diversifying their aquaculture operations, shifting their focus to freshwater shrimp and fish species that offer better profit potential. The Indian shrimp industry’s current predicament highlights the need for a multi-pronged approach to ensure its long-term viability. Addressing the issue of high production costs is crucial, potentially through measures such as optimizing feed formulations, reducing energy consumption, and exploring alternative sources of feed ingredients. Additionally, strengthening market linkages and enhancing market access for Indian shrimp products can help alleviate price pressures and ensure fair returns for farmers. This could involve exploring new export markets, expanding domestic consumption, and promoting value-added shrimp products. The future of India’s shrimp industry hinges on its ability to adapt to changing market dynamics, address production cost concerns, and seize emerging opportunities. By implementing effective strategies and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, the industry can navigate these turbulent waters and emerge stronger, contributing to the country’s economic growth and food security.

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Conservation News
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Puducherry Embarks on a Transformative Initiative: 14 Artificial Reefs to Boost Coastal Fish Breeding

In a groundbreaking move, the Puducherry government, in collaboration with the Central Marine Fisheries Institute (CMFRI), Visakhapatnam, is set to implement a ₹4.34 crore project to install 14 artificial reefs along its coastline. This ambitious endeavor, funded entirely by the Centre under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), aims not only to enhance fish breeding but also to uplift the livelihoods of traditional fishermen. Artificial reefs, structured human-built formations on the seabed, serve as substitutes for natural habitats. Scientifically designed, these reefs function as self-sustaining production systems, offering a sanctuary for marine life. Joe K. Kizhakudan, Principal Scientist and Head of CMFRI, emphasized the success of similar projects in Tamil Nadu, where more than 400 reefs have been planned this year alone. The plan entails erecting 14 reefs this year, with an additional 25 slated for the following year, adaptable based on the Union Territory’s requirements. The deployment locations, identified by the Puducherry government and CMFRI, will be strategically chosen to optimize the benefits of these artificial reefs. During a recent inspection of coastal hamlets, including Kalapet, Periya Kalapet, Chinna Kalapet, Ganapathychettikulam, and Pillaichavady, officials engaged with stakeholders, educating fishermen about the potential transformation these reefs could bring to the marine fishing landscape. The artificial reefs, submerged like coral formations, will be anchored to ensure stability. Over time, these structures will foster the growth of algae and marine flora, attracting a diverse range of fish species. CMFRI notes that over 300 species can coexist in settled artificial reef habitats, including commercially valuable varieties such as breams, groupers, snappers, perches, cobia, sea bass, rabbit fish, silver biddies, seer fish, barracuda, mackerel, trevallies, and queen fish. The positive outcomes observed in terms of enhanced fish availability to small-scale fishers at lower operational costs have prompted the Central government to expand this technology across the country. As the project unfolds, it holds the promise of not only rejuvenating marine ecosystems but also providing sustainable economic benefits to local communities. Puducherry’s initiative sets the stage for a model that could be replicated in various coastal regions, contributing to the overall well-being of both marine life and the communities dependent on it.

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Indian Cuisine Seafood Dishes
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Fish: A Culinary Legacy Woven into Bengali Heritage

A Culinary Journey Through Bengal: Unveiling the Cultural Significance of Fish In the vibrant tapestry of Bengali culture, fish stands as an emblem of culinary heritage, deeply interwoven with the region’s history, traditions, and everyday life. Far from being a mere food source, fish embodies the essence of Bengali identity, a symbol of prosperity, abundance, and the harmonious coexistence with nature. Embark on a gastronomic adventure as we delve into the captivating world of fish in Bengali cuisine, exploring its culinary versatility, cultural significance, and the stories it weaves through the lives of Bengalis. A Culinary Tapestry: Fish in Bengali Cuisine Fish, the cornerstone of Bengali cuisine, has graced countless tables for centuries, its culinary versatility captivating taste buds and nourishing generations. From the humble ilish (hilsa), a delicacy revered for its rich flavor and delicate texture, to the ubiquitous tilapia, a staple in everyday meals, fish takes center stage in Bengali culinary repertoire. The preparation of fish in Bengali cuisine is an art form, passed down through generations, each dish infused with the unique flavors and aromas of the region. From the pan-fried simplicity of machher fry (fried fish) to the elaborate preparations of chingri machher malai curry (shrimp in coconut milk gravy), each dish showcases the culinary ingenuity of Bengali cuisine. A Cultural Tapestry: Fish Beyond the Plate The significance of fish in Bengali culture extends far beyond its culinary realm, deeply embedded in the region’s traditions, rituals, and beliefs. Fish plays a pivotal role in various religious ceremonies, symbolizing prosperity, abundance, and new beginnings. During the Durga Puja, the most celebrated festival in Bengal, fish offerings hold immense significance, representing the goddess Durga’s blessings. Fish also finds its way into Bengali folklore, literature, and art, woven into stories, poems, and paintings, reflecting its profound cultural impact. The iconic tale of ‘Machhli Jal ki Rani Hai’ (The Fish is the Queen of Water), a popular Bengali folk song, exemplifies the deep-rooted connection between Bengalis and fish. A Culinary Legacy: Fish and the Bengali Way of Life Fish, for Bengalis, is more than just a food source; it is a way of life, a symbol of their connection to their heritage, their land, and their communities. The act of sharing a fish meal with loved ones embodies the spirit of togetherness, fostering bonds and strengthening relationships. In rural Bengal, fishing is not just an occupation, but a way of life, a harmonious coexistence with nature. Fishermen, revered for their skills and knowledge of the waterways, play a vital role in sustaining communities. The rhythm of life in rural Bengal is often dictated by the ebb and flow of the tides, the abundance of fish mirroring the prosperity of the land. A Culinary Legacy: Preserving the Future of Fish in Bengali Cuisine As the world grapples with environmental challenges, the future of fish in Bengali cuisine faces unprecedented threats. Overfishing, pollution, and climate change pose significant risks to the sustainability of fish populations, jeopardizing a culinary legacy that has enriched Bengali culture for centuries. Sustainable fishing practices, conservation efforts, and community-based initiatives are crucial to safeguarding the future of fish in Bengali cuisine. By adopting sustainable practices, protecting aquatic ecosystems, and empowering local communities, we can ensure that the culinary heritage of fish continues to nourish and inspire generations to come. Conclusion Fish, the lifeblood of Bengali cuisine, is more than just a culinary delight; it is a cultural cornerstone, a symbol of identity, and a testament to the harmonious relationship between Bengalis and their environment. As we embark on a culinary journey through Bengal, we are reminded of the profound significance of fish in Bengali culture, a legacy that continues to shape the region’s identity and culinary landscape.

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Aquaculture Farmer Fisheries
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Himachal Pradesh’s Una District: A Beacon of Hope for Fish Rearing

Nestled amidst the picturesque hills of Himachal Pradesh, the Una district is emerging as a hub for fish rearing. Progressive farmers, armed with innovative techniques like Bio Flock Technology (BFT), are revolutionizing fish farming practices, leading to a surge in fish production and transforming the livelihoods of local communities. Bio Flock Technology: A Game-Changer for Fish Farming Bio Flock Technology (BFT) is a revolutionary aquaculture technique that utilizes microorganisms to create a nutrient-rich environment for fish. This method not only enhances fish growth and survival rates but also improves water quality and reduces the need for artificial feeds. In the Una district, BFT has been embraced by fish farmers with remarkable success. Reshma Devi, a fish farmer from the district, is a prime example of the transformative power of BFT. By adopting BFT, Reshma has been able to increase her fish production tenfold, leading to a tenfold increase in her income. A Model for Sustainable Aquaculture The Una district’s success story in fish rearing serves as a beacon of hope for sustainable aquaculture practices across India. The district’s farmers have demonstrated that with the right technology and dedication, fish farming can be a viable and profitable livelihood option. The widespread adoption of BFT in the Una district has not only benefited individual farmers but has also contributed to the overall growth of the district’s economy. Fish farming has emerged as a significant source of employment and income for the region, fostering economic development and improving the lives of local communities. A Call for Replication The success of fish rearing in the Una district provides valuable lessons for other regions in India. The district’s experience highlights the importance of adopting innovative technologies like BFT to enhance fish production and sustainability. Moreover, the district’s success story underscores the need for government support and extension services to empower fish farmers and promote sustainable aquaculture practices across the country. By replicating the Una district’s model, India can harness the immense potential of fish farming to boost food security, generate employment, and drive economic growth in rural areas.

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Business Export News Trade
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India’s Seafood Export Target for FY24: Unlikely to Be Met

India’s seafood export target for FY24 is unlikely to be met due to several factors, including tepid buying from key markets such as the US, China, Japan, and Europe. Additionally, there is weak demand for peeled frozen products in the US retail market. Exporters do not see any substantial improvement in the US market until early 2024. These factors are likely to lead to a shortfall of around 5% in seafood exports in FY24. The Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI) has urged the government to take steps to boost exports, such as by providing financial assistance to exporters and addressing logistical challenges. The Indian government has set a target of $12 billion for seafood exports in FY24. However, the industry is facing several headwinds that are likely to make it difficult to achieve this target. Tepid Buying from Key Markets One of the main reasons for the slowdown in seafood exports is tepid buying from key markets such as the US, China, Japan, and Europe. These markets are facing their own economic challenges, which is leading to reduced demand for seafood. Weak Demand for Peeled Frozen Products There is also weak demand for peeled frozen products in the US retail market. This is due to a number of factors, including increased competition from other proteins and a shift towards fresh seafood. No Substantial Improvement in US Market Until Early 2024 Exporters do not see any substantial improvement in the US market until early 2024. This is due to the ongoing economic challenges in the US and the fact that the US retail market is still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Impact on Seafood Exports These factors are likely to lead to a shortfall of around 5% in seafood exports in FY24. This would be a significant setback for the Indian seafood industry, which has been growing in recent years. SEAI’s Recommendations The Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI) has urged the government to take steps to boost exports, such as by providing financial assistance to exporters and addressing logistical challenges. The SEAI has also called for a review of the current export policy to make it more export-oriented. Conclusion The Indian seafood industry is facing a number of challenges that are likely to make it difficult to achieve the government’s export target for FY24. The government needs to take steps to address these challenges in order to support the industry and help it achieve its full potential.

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Conservation Research
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How Marine Litter is Bringing Unwanted Guests to India’s Shores

India’s coastline is home to a rich and diverse marine life, but it is also facing a growing threat from marine litter. A new study has revealed that marine litter, such as plastic bottles, rubber, and glass, is not only polluting the environment, but also transporting invasive species to the shores of southeastern India. These invasive species, such as the mussel Mytella strigata, can harm the local biodiversity and ecosystems by competing with native species, altering habitats, and spreading diseases. The study, published in the Marine Pollution Bulletin, surveyed eight beaches in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India. The researchers collected and analyzed 1,000 pieces of marine litter, and found that 3,130 specimens of marine organisms, belonging to seven phyla and 17 species, were attached to them. The most common species was the bryozoan Jellyella tuberculata, which was found on 32% of the litter. This species is native to the Atlantic Ocean, and has been introduced to the Indian Ocean through shipping and aquaculture activities. The study also found that the urban beaches had a higher percentage of fouled litter than the village beaches. This is likely due to the higher levels of human activity in urban areas, which generate more waste and litter. The researchers suggest that urban beaches are more vulnerable to the invasion of alien species, and that more attention should be paid to their management and conservation. Marine litter is a major global environmental problem that has gained more attention in the last decades from the scientific community due to its impact on biodiversity and human health. It is estimated that up to 12.7 million tonnes of litter enters marine habitats every year. Once debris enters the sea, it either floats or sinks, and can be transported to other areas by currents, washing up on the shoreline and beaches or drifting offshore. Among marine fouling organisms, invasive species may alter the structure of the endemic community, causing a serious threat to local biodiversity and, sometimes, the decline or extinction of native species, as well as economic loss. Marine litter can also increase the growth of microbes, harmful algae, and pathogens. To date, about 400 marine species of bryozoans, molluscs, barnacles, polychaetes, sponges, hydrozoans, and ascidians have been recorded rafting on marine litter. The researchers believe that marine litter is posing a growing threat to India’s coastal biodiversity. They are calling for more research into the problem and for measures to reduce marine litter pollution. They also recommend that the public should be made aware of the risks of marine litter and the importance of proper waste disposal. They hope that their study will contribute to the understanding and management of marine litter and invasive species in India and other regions.

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Aquaculture Farmer Fisheries Focus Story
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Shrimp Farmers in India Turn to Mangroves for Sustainable Aquaculture

For generations, shrimp aquaculture has been the primary livelihood for families in the Sundarbans, a vast mangrove forest in India. However, the widespread use of unsustainable practices, driven by the demand for shrimp in Western markets, has had a devastating impact on the Sundarbans ecosystem. In recent years, efforts have been underway to transition to more sustainable aquaculture methods, and one promising approach is the integration of mangroves into shrimp farms. Dr. Sourabh Kumar Dubey, a researcher from West Bengal, has been investigating the potential of integrated mangrove aquaculture (IMA) to reduce the environmental impact of shrimp farming while maintaining productivity. IMA involves cultivating mangroves alongside shrimp ponds, leveraging the natural benefits of mangroves to enhance water quality, reduce disease outbreaks, and provide habitat for a variety of organisms. In the village of Haroa, located on the outskirts of the Sundarbans, farmers have begun adopting IMA practices with encouraging results. The ponds with mangroves are yielding comparable shrimp production to those without mangroves, while also offering significant environmental benefits. The mangroves act as biofilters, removing excess nutrients from the water and improving overall water quality. Additionally, they provide shelter for shrimp larvae, reducing the need for artificial stocking. Despite the promise of IMA, challenges remain in its wider adoption. One major concern is the lower initial shrimp yield compared to intensive aquaculture systems, which may deter farmers seeking quick returns. However, proponents of IMA emphasize the long-term benefits, such as reduced capital investment, increased livelihood diversity through polyculture, and enhanced climate resilience. Protecting the newly planted mangroves is another challenge. Livestock grazing and human interference pose a threat to the saplings, and raising awareness among local communities is crucial for their survival. Temporary fencing has been implemented in Haroa, but more sustainable solutions are needed. Dubey believes that IMA has the potential to be scaled up across the coastal regions of West Bengal, particularly in areas with underutilized brackish water ponds. By converting these ponds into mangrove-integrated shrimp farms, farmers can generate income while simultaneously restoring and preserving the vital Sundarbans ecosystem. As the world grapples with the environmental consequences of unsustainable aquaculture practices, IMA offers a promising path towards a more harmonious relationship between shrimp farming and the natural environment. By harnessing the benefits of mangroves, shrimp farmers in India can continue to provide a valuable food source while safeguarding the delicate balance of the Sundarbans ecosystem.

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Aquaculture Research Technology
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Revolutionizing Aquaculture Disease Surveillance: Drones Take Flight in India

The aquaculture sector in India is poised for a transformative leap forward with the integration of drone technology and remote sensing techniques. Kenton L Morgan, a former emeritus professor of epidemiology at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, shed light on this groundbreaking development during the AquaEpi III conference held at the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) in Lucknow.

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Video
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Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Inland Aquaculture

The video is about the challenges and opportunities in inland aquaculture. The speakers discuss the importance of aquaculture as a protein source and the challenges of providing enough fish meal and fish oil for aquaculture feed. They also discuss the use of additives to improve the performance of fish feed and reduce the reliance on fish meal and fish oil. The speakers also discuss the importance of preventing disease in aquaculture and the use of phytobiotics to improve shrimp health. Finally, the speakers discuss the importance of genetic improvement in aquaculture and the use of selective breeding to improve the growth and survival of fish.

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Video
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Navigating Fisheries Regulations in India

In this video, we look at National Fisheries regulations in India. While there have been coastal fishing and conventions relating to it, since times, immemorial, modern laws emerged around 1980. There are multiple fishing regulations, laws relating to biodiversity, coastal management. Then, we have multiple treaties and international laws and we have had issues with Sri Lanka, BanglaDesh and occasionally with Pakistan. In this short video, we navigate the Fisheries regulation in India.

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Video
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How a simple innovation in oyster farming has transformed the lives of these fisherwomen

This video is about how a simple innovation in oyster farming has transformed the lives of fisherwomen in Waratah, India. The women used to spend long hours fishing for oysters, but they would only return with a small catch. In 2013, the United Nations Development Program approached the women with a plan to simplify their lives by farming oysters in the creek behind their homes. The women were skeptical at first, but they eventually agreed to form a self-help group. With the help of the UNDP, the women set up 450 ropes with empty oyster shells on bamboo frames. Oyster spats attached themselves to the empty shells over time, and the women were able to harvest a bounty of oysters. The initial investment of about $85 has brought in significant returns, and the women are now able to save money for their families. They have also started making and selling luck dues and sweets to the community. The fisherwomen of Waratah are an inspiration to other women around the world. They have shown that it is possible to overcome poverty and discrimination and achieve success. The video is a great example of how a small innovation can have a big impact on people’s lives. It is also a reminder of the importance of women’s empowerment and the role that women can play in development.

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Business Fisheries International
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India’s Fight for Fairness in Fisheries Subsidies

India is taking a strong stand in the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on fisheries subsidies, advocating for a principle of “polluter pays” that would hold countries accountable for the environmental damage caused by their fishing fleets. This principle would require countries that engage in distant-water fishing to stop subsidizing their fleets for 25 years. Background The WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations began in 2001 and culminated in the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement (FSA) in June 2022. However, the most contentious pillar of the FSA, the prohibition of subsidies contributing to overcapacity and overfishing, was not finalized in the first phase of negotiations. India’s Proposal In September 2021, India proposed a common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) approach to the FSA, arguing that countries that have historically overexploited marine resources with the aid of subsidies should bear greater responsibility for reducing their subsidies. Specifically, India proposed that countries engaged in distant-water fishing should stop subsidizing their fleets for 25 years. The criteria for determining a distant-water fishing nation would be based on whether a country’s fishing fleets generally fish in waters beyond the FAO major fishing area adjacent to the country’s natural coastline. Support for India’s Proposal Several other countries have expressed support for India’s proposal, including Kenya, Djibouti, and Indonesia. Kenya, on behalf of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) group of countries, has proposed an outright prohibition of subsidies for large-scale industrial fishing. Djibouti, on behalf of the least developed countries (LDCs), has proposed a prohibition of subsidies to large-scale industrial fishing or fishing-related activities in areas beyond the subsidizing member’s national jurisdiction. Challenges While there is growing support for India’s proposal, there are also significant challenges to its implementation. Traditional big subsidizers, such as the United States and the European Union, are likely to resist any curbs on their subsidies. Additionally, there is no clear consensus on how to define “large-scale industrial fishing vessels” or “distant-water fishing.” Special and Differential Treatment Another important aspect of the negotiations is the special and differential treatment (S&DT) for developing countries and LDCs. India has argued for a transition period of 25 years for developing countries to adjust to any new subsidy curbs. Developed countries, however, have proposed a much shorter transition period of seven years. Conclusion The WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations are at a critical juncture. India is playing a leading role in advocating for a fair and equitable outcome that will hold all countries accountable for their role in overfishing. The final outcome of the negotiations will have a significant impact on the health of the world’s oceans and the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fisheries.

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Fisheries Focus Story Trade
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67

PMMSY: Transforming the Indian Fisheries Sector

A Big Leap for Indian Fisheries In 2020, the Indian fisheries sector was poised for a major transformation, thanks to the reforms initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Recognizing the immense potential of the Blue Economy, Modi launched a series of initiatives to systematically develop the sector, including the creation of a dedicated Fisheries Ministry. However, the COVID-19 pandemic threatened to derail this progress. Undeterred, Modi turned this crisis into an opportunity by announcing the Atmanirbhar Bharat package for the fisheries sector. This package included a significant investment of ₹20,050 crore for the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), marking the largest-ever investment in the history of Indian fisheries. PMMSY: Addressing Critical Gaps With this fresh injection of funds and renewed focus, the PMMSY began to address critical gaps in the fisheries value chain, from fish production, productivity, and quality to technology, post-harvest infrastructure, and marketing. The scheme identified key strategic priority areas, including: Marine fisheries Inland fisheries Fishermen’s welfare Infrastructure and post-harvest management Cold water fisheries Ornamental fisheries Aquatic health management Seaweed cultivation Transforming Inland Fisheries In its three years of operation, the PMMSY has successfully transformed inland fisheries, taking it beyond traditional waters and introducing innovative technologies. This has inspired many talented and enterprising youth to venture into the fisheries sector. Young women entrepreneurs from the Kashmir Valley are now efficiently rearing cold-water rainbow trout using a recirculatory aquaculture system. Aquapreneurs in Nellore have become successful exporters of biofloc-cultured shrimps. Expanding Fisheries to Non-Traditional Areas The PMMSY has also expanded fisheries activities to non-traditional areas. Almost 20,000 hectares of fresh pond area are being brought under inland aquaculture. Even in landlocked states like Haryana and Rajasthan, farmers are successfully converting their saline wastelands into productive aquaculture zones. Empowering Fisherwomen The PMMSY has empowered fisherwomen to explore remunerative options and alternative livelihoods, such as: Ornamental fisheries Pearl culture Seaweed cultivation The launch of a ₹127 crore Seaweed Park in Tamil Nadu’s Ramanathapuram district is a testament to the Modi government’s commitment to promoting seaweed cultivation. Strengthening Fisheries Infrastructure The PMMSY has enabled the establishment of: 900 fish feed plants 755 hatcheries The scheme is also supporting research and genetic improvement of: Indian White Shrimp at Chennai Specific pathogen-free brood stock Domestication of tiger shrimp in the Andaman Islands Record-Breaking Fish Production and Exports India is now among the world’s top three countries in fish and aquaculture production and is the largest shrimp exporter globally. Fish production reached an all-time high of 174 lakh tonnes in 2022-23. Shrimp production increased by 267% from 3.22 lakh tonnes in 2013-14 to 11.84 lakh tonnes in 2022-23. Seafood exports doubled from ₹30,213 crore in 2013-14 to ₹

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