India’s formidable shrimp export industry is navigating a high-stakes pivot, as crippling US tariffs and intense global competition force a strategic realignment away from traditional markets and products. In this new landscape, the prized black tiger prawn is making a remarkable comeback, and burgeoning demand from China and the European Union is reshaping the future of the sector.
The primary challenge stems from a sharp 43% year-on-year drop in exports to the United States in August 2025, historically India’s most lucrative market. This decline is a direct consequence of new tariff barriers that have blunted India’s competitive edge. Compounding this, Ecuador has risen as the world’s most efficient shrimp producer, putting further pressure on India’s primary export, the Vannamei shrimp, whose shipments fell 15% in the same month.
However, where one door has closed, others have opened. The industry is demonstrating remarkable resilience by diversifying its customer base. Exports to China surged by 33% in August, while shipments to the European Union skyrocketed by an impressive 58%. On a year-to-date basis, the EU market is now tracking 31% ahead of the previous year, signaling a sustained and strategic market shift.
At the heart of this transformation is the resurgence of the Penaeus monodon, or black tiger shrimp. Once a mainstay of Indian aquaculture, this premium species is roaring back to prominence. In August, exports of black tiger shrimp soared by an incredible 76% year-on-year. This revival is almost single-handedly fueled by Chinese buyers, who snapped up 60% of India’s monodon exports, prizing the species for its size and quality. The demand is so strong that Chinese importers are reportedly outbidding European buyers for prime stock. As a result, the black tiger prawn now constitutes nearly 12% of India’s monthly shrimp exports, doubling its share from previous years.
Simultaneously, Indian processors are doubling down on a long-term strategy to move up the value chain. While exports of value-added products like cooked, marinated, and ready-to-eat shrimp saw a temporary dip in August, year-to-date figures remain a robust 27% higher than last year. This focus is crucial for insulating the industry from the price volatility of the bulk commodity market and building stronger, more profitable relationships with global retailers.
This period marks a pivotal moment for Indian seafood. The path forward is clear: success no longer depends on volume alone, but on a smarter, more diversified strategy. This includes boosting domestic production of the in-demand black tiger shrimp, accelerating the shift into value-added processing, and investing heavily in the traceability and certification systems required to secure and expand access to discerning markets like the EU. India’s shrimp industry is not just weathering a storm; it is actively charting a new, more competitive course for the future.