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Aquaculture Farmer Fisheries Focus Story
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Shrimp Farmers in India Turn to Mangroves for Sustainable Aquaculture

For generations, shrimp aquaculture has been the primary livelihood for families in the Sundarbans, a vast mangrove forest in India. However, the widespread use of unsustainable practices, driven by the demand for shrimp in Western markets, has had a devastating impact on the Sundarbans ecosystem. In recent years, efforts have been underway to transition to more sustainable aquaculture methods, and one promising approach is the integration of mangroves into shrimp farms. Dr. Sourabh Kumar Dubey, a researcher from West Bengal, has been investigating the potential of integrated mangrove aquaculture (IMA) to reduce the environmental impact of shrimp farming while maintaining productivity. IMA involves cultivating mangroves alongside shrimp ponds, leveraging the natural benefits of mangroves to enhance water quality, reduce disease outbreaks, and provide habitat for a variety of organisms. In the village of Haroa, located on the outskirts of the Sundarbans, farmers have begun adopting IMA practices with encouraging results. The ponds with mangroves are yielding comparable shrimp production to those without mangroves, while also offering significant environmental benefits. The mangroves act as biofilters, removing excess nutrients from the water and improving overall water quality. Additionally, they provide shelter for shrimp larvae, reducing the need for artificial stocking. Despite the promise of IMA, challenges remain in its wider adoption. One major concern is the lower initial shrimp yield compared to intensive aquaculture systems, which may deter farmers seeking quick returns. However, proponents of IMA emphasize the long-term benefits, such as reduced capital investment, increased livelihood diversity through polyculture, and enhanced climate resilience. Protecting the newly planted mangroves is another challenge. Livestock grazing and human interference pose a threat to the saplings, and raising awareness among local communities is crucial for their survival. Temporary fencing has been implemented in Haroa, but more sustainable solutions are needed. Dubey believes that IMA has the potential to be scaled up across the coastal regions of West Bengal, particularly in areas with underutilized brackish water ponds. By converting these ponds into mangrove-integrated shrimp farms, farmers can generate income while simultaneously restoring and preserving the vital Sundarbans ecosystem. As the world grapples with the environmental consequences of unsustainable aquaculture practices, IMA offers a promising path towards a more harmonious relationship between shrimp farming and the natural environment. By harnessing the benefits of mangroves, shrimp farmers in India can continue to provide a valuable food source while safeguarding the delicate balance of the Sundarbans ecosystem.

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Aquaculture Research Technology
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Revolutionizing Aquaculture Disease Surveillance: Drones Take Flight in India

The aquaculture sector in India is poised for a transformative leap forward with the integration of drone technology and remote sensing techniques. Kenton L Morgan, a former emeritus professor of epidemiology at the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, shed light on this groundbreaking development during the AquaEpi III conference held at the ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) in Lucknow.

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Video
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Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Inland Aquaculture

The video is about the challenges and opportunities in inland aquaculture. The speakers discuss the importance of aquaculture as a protein source and the challenges of providing enough fish meal and fish oil for aquaculture feed. They also discuss the use of additives to improve the performance of fish feed and reduce the reliance on fish meal and fish oil. The speakers also discuss the importance of preventing disease in aquaculture and the use of phytobiotics to improve shrimp health. Finally, the speakers discuss the importance of genetic improvement in aquaculture and the use of selective breeding to improve the growth and survival of fish.

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Video
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Navigating Fisheries Regulations in India

In this video, we look at National Fisheries regulations in India. While there have been coastal fishing and conventions relating to it, since times, immemorial, modern laws emerged around 1980. There are multiple fishing regulations, laws relating to biodiversity, coastal management. Then, we have multiple treaties and international laws and we have had issues with Sri Lanka, BanglaDesh and occasionally with Pakistan. In this short video, we navigate the Fisheries regulation in India.

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Video
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How a simple innovation in oyster farming has transformed the lives of these fisherwomen

This video is about how a simple innovation in oyster farming has transformed the lives of fisherwomen in Waratah, India. The women used to spend long hours fishing for oysters, but they would only return with a small catch. In 2013, the United Nations Development Program approached the women with a plan to simplify their lives by farming oysters in the creek behind their homes. The women were skeptical at first, but they eventually agreed to form a self-help group. With the help of the UNDP, the women set up 450 ropes with empty oyster shells on bamboo frames. Oyster spats attached themselves to the empty shells over time, and the women were able to harvest a bounty of oysters. The initial investment of about $85 has brought in significant returns, and the women are now able to save money for their families. They have also started making and selling luck dues and sweets to the community. The fisherwomen of Waratah are an inspiration to other women around the world. They have shown that it is possible to overcome poverty and discrimination and achieve success. The video is a great example of how a small innovation can have a big impact on people’s lives. It is also a reminder of the importance of women’s empowerment and the role that women can play in development.

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Business Fisheries International
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India’s Fight for Fairness in Fisheries Subsidies

India is taking a strong stand in the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations on fisheries subsidies, advocating for a principle of “polluter pays” that would hold countries accountable for the environmental damage caused by their fishing fleets. This principle would require countries that engage in distant-water fishing to stop subsidizing their fleets for 25 years. Background The WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations began in 2001 and culminated in the Fisheries Subsidies Agreement (FSA) in June 2022. However, the most contentious pillar of the FSA, the prohibition of subsidies contributing to overcapacity and overfishing, was not finalized in the first phase of negotiations. India’s Proposal In September 2021, India proposed a common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR) approach to the FSA, arguing that countries that have historically overexploited marine resources with the aid of subsidies should bear greater responsibility for reducing their subsidies. Specifically, India proposed that countries engaged in distant-water fishing should stop subsidizing their fleets for 25 years. The criteria for determining a distant-water fishing nation would be based on whether a country’s fishing fleets generally fish in waters beyond the FAO major fishing area adjacent to the country’s natural coastline. Support for India’s Proposal Several other countries have expressed support for India’s proposal, including Kenya, Djibouti, and Indonesia. Kenya, on behalf of the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) group of countries, has proposed an outright prohibition of subsidies for large-scale industrial fishing. Djibouti, on behalf of the least developed countries (LDCs), has proposed a prohibition of subsidies to large-scale industrial fishing or fishing-related activities in areas beyond the subsidizing member’s national jurisdiction. Challenges While there is growing support for India’s proposal, there are also significant challenges to its implementation. Traditional big subsidizers, such as the United States and the European Union, are likely to resist any curbs on their subsidies. Additionally, there is no clear consensus on how to define “large-scale industrial fishing vessels” or “distant-water fishing.” Special and Differential Treatment Another important aspect of the negotiations is the special and differential treatment (S&DT) for developing countries and LDCs. India has argued for a transition period of 25 years for developing countries to adjust to any new subsidy curbs. Developed countries, however, have proposed a much shorter transition period of seven years. Conclusion The WTO fisheries subsidies negotiations are at a critical juncture. India is playing a leading role in advocating for a fair and equitable outcome that will hold all countries accountable for their role in overfishing. The final outcome of the negotiations will have a significant impact on the health of the world’s oceans and the livelihoods of millions of people who depend on fisheries.

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Fisheries Focus Story Trade
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PMMSY: Transforming the Indian Fisheries Sector

A Big Leap for Indian Fisheries In 2020, the Indian fisheries sector was poised for a major transformation, thanks to the reforms initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Recognizing the immense potential of the Blue Economy, Modi launched a series of initiatives to systematically develop the sector, including the creation of a dedicated Fisheries Ministry. However, the COVID-19 pandemic threatened to derail this progress. Undeterred, Modi turned this crisis into an opportunity by announcing the Atmanirbhar Bharat package for the fisheries sector. This package included a significant investment of ₹20,050 crore for the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), marking the largest-ever investment in the history of Indian fisheries. PMMSY: Addressing Critical Gaps With this fresh injection of funds and renewed focus, the PMMSY began to address critical gaps in the fisheries value chain, from fish production, productivity, and quality to technology, post-harvest infrastructure, and marketing. The scheme identified key strategic priority areas, including: Marine fisheries Inland fisheries Fishermen’s welfare Infrastructure and post-harvest management Cold water fisheries Ornamental fisheries Aquatic health management Seaweed cultivation Transforming Inland Fisheries In its three years of operation, the PMMSY has successfully transformed inland fisheries, taking it beyond traditional waters and introducing innovative technologies. This has inspired many talented and enterprising youth to venture into the fisheries sector. Young women entrepreneurs from the Kashmir Valley are now efficiently rearing cold-water rainbow trout using a recirculatory aquaculture system. Aquapreneurs in Nellore have become successful exporters of biofloc-cultured shrimps. Expanding Fisheries to Non-Traditional Areas The PMMSY has also expanded fisheries activities to non-traditional areas. Almost 20,000 hectares of fresh pond area are being brought under inland aquaculture. Even in landlocked states like Haryana and Rajasthan, farmers are successfully converting their saline wastelands into productive aquaculture zones. Empowering Fisherwomen The PMMSY has empowered fisherwomen to explore remunerative options and alternative livelihoods, such as: Ornamental fisheries Pearl culture Seaweed cultivation The launch of a ₹127 crore Seaweed Park in Tamil Nadu’s Ramanathapuram district is a testament to the Modi government’s commitment to promoting seaweed cultivation. Strengthening Fisheries Infrastructure The PMMSY has enabled the establishment of: 900 fish feed plants 755 hatcheries The scheme is also supporting research and genetic improvement of: Indian White Shrimp at Chennai Specific pathogen-free brood stock Domestication of tiger shrimp in the Andaman Islands Record-Breaking Fish Production and Exports India is now among the world’s top three countries in fish and aquaculture production and is the largest shrimp exporter globally. Fish production reached an all-time high of 174 lakh tonnes in 2022-23. Shrimp production increased by 267% from 3.22 lakh tonnes in 2013-14 to 11.84 lakh tonnes in 2022-23. Seafood exports doubled from ₹30,213 crore in 2013-14 to ₹

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Fisheries Focus Story
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Small-Scale Fisheries: The Unsung Heroes of the Seas

In a world dominated by large-scale industrial fishing, small-scale fisheries often go unnoticed. Yet, these humble operations play a vital role in global food security, employment, and nutrition. A recent report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations highlights the immense contribution of small-scale fisheries to the world, shedding light on their often-overlooked significance. Small-scale fisheries, characterized by low-tech and low-cost fishing methods, account for an impressive 40% of the global fish catch. In Asia alone, small-scale fisheries contribute a staggering 23 of 37 million tonnes of fish caught between 2013 and 2017. This remarkable output is achieved through the dedication and expertise of family-owned or community-based fishing operations, primarily operating along coastlines and rivers. The economic value of small-scale fisheries is equally impressive. The FAO report estimates that the average annual economic value of small-scale fisheries’ landings reached nearly $77.2 billion globally between 2013 and 2017. This represents a significant increase of 49% compared to the first study conducted in 2012. In terms of employment, small-scale fisheries dwarf their large-scale counterparts. In 2016, an estimated 60.2 million people were employed part-or full-time along the small-scale fisheries value chain. This is in stark contrast to the 7.3 million people employed in large-scale fisheries. Women play a crucial role in small-scale fisheries, with an estimated 44.7 million women participating in the sector’s value chains or engaging in subsistence activities related to the sector. The nutritional contribution of small-scale fisheries is equally significant. Fish landings from small-scale fisheries could provide up to 20% of the daily nutrition requirements of calcium, selenium, and zinc for 137 million women in Africa and 271 million women in Asia. Despite their immense contributions, small-scale fisheries often face challenges and underestimation. The FAO report emphasizes the need for increased support and recognition for small-scale fisheries. By investing in sustainable practices, improving access to markets, and strengthening governance frameworks, small-scale fisheries can continue to thrive and provide invaluable benefits to communities worldwide. As we move towards a more sustainable and equitable future, it is essential to acknowledge and support the unsung heroes of the seas – small-scale fisheries. Their contributions to food security, employment, and nutrition are undeniable, and their continued success is vital for a healthy and prosperous planet.

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Focus Story
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Unlocking Potential: Navigating Careers in Fisheries Science

In the vast ocean of career choices, Fisheries Science emerges as a dynamic and promising field, offering a bounty of opportunities for students seeking a rewarding and impactful profession. As fish continues to stand out as one of the most affordable sources of protein, the significance of this discipline becomes even more pronounced. Diverse Educational Pathways Embarking on a journey in Fisheries Science opens doors to a range of educational pathways, from certificate programs to doctoral studies. In India, students can opt for certificate, diploma, undergraduate (B.F.Sc.), postgraduate (M.F.Sc.), and doctoral programs, each catering to different facets of this multidisciplinary field. These courses delve into crucial aspects such as fish management, aquaculture, fishing technology, conservation, economics, and the management of fisheries. For instance, the Bachelor’s in Fisheries Science spans four years, incorporating a comprehensive curriculum covering everything from fish capturing techniques to fisheries environment and extension. Entry is often determined through the National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET), although some states consider Class 12 board exam marks. Furthermore, specialized programs like B.Voc. in fish processing and B. Tech in Fisheries Engineering offer avenues for skill development. Mastering Expertise and Beyond Master’s programs (M.F.Sc.) provide opportunities for specialization in areas like Aquaculture, Fish Nutrition and Feed Technology, Fisheries Engineering, and more. Additional postgraduate programs expand into related fields such as Disaster Management, Bio-Technology, and Climate Science, offering a holistic understanding of the interconnected realms of fisheries and environmental sciences. International opportunities await graduates, with avenues to pursue advanced studies in countries like the United States, Australia, EU countries, and Canada. Certificate courses, both domestic and international, further allow individuals to hone specific skills, such as fish farming, entrepreneurship, and industrial fisheries. Navigating a Sea of Opportunities The field of Fisheries Science offers a diverse range of career paths across government, public, and private sectors. Graduates can find employment with esteemed organizations like the Marine Product Export Development Authority (MPEDA), Fisheries Survey of India (FSI), NIO, WHO, FAO, NACA, NABARD, EIA, and various banks. The private sector presents opportunities in seafood processing and export units, aquafeed plants, fishing gear industries, and pharmaceutical companies. Entrepreneurial ventures are also on the rise, aligning with the growing demand for fish as a vital protein source. Climate change adaptation and mitigation are emerging as potential areas of research, reflecting the evolving nature of the field. Graduates can also contribute to state fisheries departments or explore roles as Agriculture Officers in banks. As the world recognizes the value of sustainable food sources, Fisheries Science stands at the forefront, offering not just a career but a chance to make a meaningful impact on the preservation and utilization of aquatic resources. For those with a passion for marine ecosystems and a commitment to sustainable practices, a career in Fisheries Science is not just a job—it’s a journey into the heart of environmental stewardship and innovation.

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Fisheries News
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Odisha Fishermen Advised Exercise Caution Amidst Cyclonic Storm Warning

In response to the recent forecast by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) predicting the formation of a cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal, the Special Relief Commissioner (SRC) in Odisha has issued a precautionary warning to fishermen along the state’s coast. According to the IMD’s update, a low-pressure system, currently positioned over the South Andaman Sea and adjacent to the Malacca, is anticipated to move west-northwestwards. By November 30, it is expected to intensify into a depression over the southeast Bay of Bengal, subsequently evolving into a cyclonic storm over the southwest and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal in the following 48 hours. The SRC’s advisory, communicated on Tuesday, underscores the potential impact on the region, with squally winds reaching speeds of 40 to 50 kmph and gusting up to 60 kmph over the central Bay of Bengal and the southwest Bay of Bengal from December 1. By the subsequent day, these wind speeds are likely to escalate to 50 to 60 kmph, gusting up to 70 kmph. In light of these developments, the SRC has strongly urged fishermen against venturing into the deep sea areas of the central Bay of Bengal, emphasizing a particular focus on safety measures starting from the morning of December 1. As a proactive measure, the SRC has directed fishermen already at sea to make a prompt return to land by the specified date. Furthermore, recognizing the critical role of communication in such situations, the Fisheries and Animal Resources Development (ARD) department has been tasked with ensuring the efficient dissemination of alerts and warnings to the fishing community. The department is also instructed to provide timely updates on the status of fishermen and boats currently at sea, facilitating a coordinated and swift response to the potential cyclonic storm in the region.** The upcoming days will be crucial as authorities and the fishing community in Odisha closely monitor developments, prioritizing safety and preparedness in the face of unpredictable weather patterns. The collaborative efforts between the SRC, IMD, and relevant departments underscore the proactive stance taken to safeguard the well-being of fishermen and mitigate potential risks associated with the looming cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal.

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Conservation Research
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CMFRI Researcher Anto Honored with Hasmukh Shah Memorial Award for Coral Reef Resilience

Anto, an esteemed researcher, has garnered the prestigious Hasmukh Shah Memorial Award for his profound work on understanding the resilience of coral reefs in the Lakshadweep Islands. His research sheds light on the escalating threats these crucial ecosystems face due to climate change and various human-induced factors, according to an official press release. Instituted by the Gujarat Ecology Society (GES) and generously funded by the Kachnar Trust, the Hasmukh Shah Memorial Award aims to recognize and reward individuals who have made noteworthy contributions through research, development, or the implementation of innovative environmental, technical, or social solutions addressing pressing sustainability or societal issues. The award holds particular significance as it seeks to promote resilience-based management approaches crucial for coral reefs. These approaches focus on developing strategies for the preservation, protection, and restoration of these delicate marine habitats, as highlighted in the press release. Anto, a fervent ocean enthusiast and a certified dive master from the Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI), has spearheaded numerous underwater surveys concentrating on coral reefs and associated marine life along the Indian coast and its islands. His work has played a pivotal role in providing valuable insights and data essential for ongoing conservation efforts. Additionally, Anto is an integral part of the CMFRI’s team conducting coastal surveys on marine mammals. The Hasmukh Shah Memorial Award will be presented during the Hasmukh Shah Memorial Lecture scheduled for January 5, 2024, at the Federation of Gujarat Industries (FGI) in Vadodara. This recognition underscores Anto’s dedication to advancing marine research and fostering sustainability in the face of environmental challenges.

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Fisheries News
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ICAR-CMFRI Marks 75 Years of Marine Research with Commemorative Stamp Release

Celebrating a milestone in marine research, the ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has launched a Corporate My Stamp and Special Postal Cover. The release, symbolizing the institute’s 75 years of contributions to India’s marine fisheries research and development, took place in Kochi, where Postmaster General Sayeed Rashid officially presented the stamp and cover to CMFRI Director A. Gopalakrishnan. The commemorative stamp release comprises 5,000 sheets, each featuring 12 stamps. The design reflects CMFRI’s commitment to marine research, showcasing the inscription ’75 Years of Research Excellence,’ the institute’s logo, and an image of the CMFRI headquarters in Kochi. This initiative marks a significant moment in recognizing and honoring CMFRI’s enduring legacy in advancing marine sciences over the past seven and a half decades.

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Export Value-added Seafood
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India Aims for USD 1.6 Billion Boost in Value-Added Seafood Production by 2030

India’s Marine Products Exports Development Authority (MPEDA) is embarking on an ambitious plan to double the country’s value-added seafood production, targeting a 20 percent increase by 2030. Recognizing the heightened demand for value-added seafood in key markets such as the U.S., E.U., Japan, and Asia, MPEDA Chairman D V Swamy emphasizes the potential for higher profits in this sector. In the most recent fiscal year, India’s seafood exports reached USD 8.09 billion, with value-added products contributing 10 percent, approximately USD 860 million. Despite being the world’s third-largest fish producer, second-largest aquaculture producer, and fourth-largest seafood exporter, India seeks to enhance its global market share in value-added seafood, currently holding 2.5 percent of the USD 34 billion global market. To achieve this goal, MPEDA has initiated a comprehensive development plan, including capacity-building initiatives, worker training programs, and advocacy for reduced bureaucracy and transition costs in the industry. The authority recently conducted its first training session with Vietnamese seafood processing experts, providing insights to 22 Indian seafood companies on implementing value-added processes. To expedite the transition, Indian exporters have urged MPEDA to advocate for the removal of tariffs on crucial components of value-added seafood processing, such as breadcrumbs, sauces, pre-dust, coconut shavings, and plastic trays. Additionally, they seek an increase in India’s import duty exemption from 1 percent to 3 percent of the freight on board (FOB) value for value-added exports. Despite challenges like lower seafood prices and political turbulence in the U.S., India remains optimistic about its seafood industry. Swamy reports a 6 percent increase in seafood exports by volume in the current fiscal year, with the government’s support evident through programs like India’s Blue Revolution and the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY). At the Global Fisheries Conference, Minister of State for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry, and Dairying L Murugan affirmed the government’s commitment to supporting the industry’s transition from near-shore to deep-sea fishing. Financial assistance of up to 60 percent for converting fishing boats, low- or no-interest loans, and encouragement for technological advancements highlight India’s strategy to tap into the global demand for tuna. Murugan stressed the need for research and design to upgrade fishing vessels, making deep-sea fishing both efficient and sustainable. World Bank Consultant Arthur Neiland estimates that India is utilizing only 12 percent of the tuna in its exclusive economic zone, with the potential for sustainable yields of around 179,000 metric tons annually. Murugan’s call for increased collaboration, innovation, and the involvement of startups signals India’s intent to further harness its vast deep-sea fishing potential.

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